Duality and Equilibrium - Yin and Yang in Balance

Duality

The concept of duality is essential in understanding our existence.  Everything we touch, feel, see, hear - both physical and non-physical is dual in nature.  Hot and cold, big and small, hard and soft, love and hate - these are all duals of each other.  One cannot exist without the other.

SAM postulates that the nucleus is made up of protons and electrons. These particles are the epitome of duality.  They are opposites of each other.  

The proton is positive and makes up the structure of the atom.  This structure is stable therefore the protons do not move.  The basic building block of the larger atoms is 12 protons in the shape of an icosahedron.

The electron has a negative charge and in the nucleus acts more like a field than it does a particle.  It is the glue that holds the nucleus together.  If an electron actually is a particle, then it most likely moves very quickly between the protons.  The electron is very small in comparison to the proton.  The electrons move in the empty space between the protons.  If the protons are in the shape of the icosahedron, then the electrons move in between the protons in raceways that are in the shape of a dodecahedron.

The Icosahedron and Dodecahedron are Duals of Each Other.

Each of the 5 platonic solids has a dual which is also a platonic solid.  The tetrahedron is a dual of itself.  The cube is the dual of the octahedron.  The icosahedron is the dual of the dodecahedron.

icosahedron / dodecahedron

the dodecahedron is possible due to the existence of the icosahedron; without it, the dodecahedron will re-form to another polygon with 20 vertices.

carbon with icosa dodeca wireframe

depiction icosahedron - dodecahedron (Carbon)

Equilibrium

Equilibrium is defined as - a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

Systems tend to want to reach a state of equilibrium.  Nature does not like for things to be unbalanced.  Once a system reaches equilibrium, it typically becomes static and motion either ceases, or the motion within the system is related to other motion within that same system.  This means the motions become interdependent and influence each other.

Edo realized that the atom is most likely a structure that has reached equilibrium.  The forces at play are all working together to create and maintain the structure.  He also figured that once an atom has formed, it's structure remains static and unchanged unless energy is added to that structure. If the structure changes, then the element also changes or it becomes an isotope.